PolandKapitel
Poland's history as a state began near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in Central and Eastern Europe. During the 18th century, internal disorders weakened the nation, and in a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland among themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force with over 10 million members. Free elections in 1989 and 1990 won Solidarity control of the parliament and the presidency, bringing the communist era to a close. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed and with large investments in defense, energy, and other infrastructure, Poland is an increasingly active member of Euro-Atlantic organizations.
Source: The CIA World Factbook - Poland
Kennzahlen
- Fläche
- 312,685 km2
- Bevölkerung
- 38,185,913 (July 2021 est.)
- Regierungsform
- parliamentary republic
- Sprachen
- Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3%
- BIP
- $594.165 billion (2020 est.)
- Wachstumsrate
- -2.7% (2020 est.)
- HDI
- 35
- Hauptstadt
- Warsaw
Makroökonomische Indikatoren
GDP growth is projected to remain strong in 2018, before softening somewhat in 2019. Investment will pick up owing to faster disbursements of EU structural funds, and private consumption will grow strongly thanks to a buoyant labour market. Accelerating wages will underpin rising inflationary pressures.
Fiscal policy is projected to be supportive of growth, reflecting rising social transfers and an increase in public investment, but cyclical revenue gains will keep a lid on the budget deficit. Implementing a tighter fiscal stance through revenue-raising reforms or greater spending prioritisation would be welcome to sustainably finance the government's spending plans. To counter rising price pressures, monetary stimulus is projected to be removed gradually beginning in late 2018.
Source: OECD - Economic Forecast
IMF Statistics:
| Subject descriptor | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gross domestic product, constant prices Percent change (Units) |
6.935 |
5.260 |
0.160 |
3.068 |
3.476 |
|
Gross domestic product, current prices Percent change (Billions) |
681.429 |
688.250 |
808.435 |
844.623 |
884.581 |
|
Gross domestic product per capita, current prices Percent change (Units) |
18,008.152 |
18,278.144 |
21,995.995 |
23,013.882 |
24,143.698 |
|
Inflation, average consumer prices Percent change (Units) |
5.124 |
14.360 |
11.424 |
5.014 |
4.966 |
|
Volume of imports of goods and services Percent change (Units) |
16.142 |
6.793 |
-8.308 |
8.633 |
6.487 |
|
Volume of exports of goods and services Percent change (Units) |
12.335 |
6.743 |
-1.941 |
6.465 |
3.035 |
|
Unemployment rate Percent change (Units) |
3.373 |
2.874 |
2.820 |
2.928 |
2.986 |
|
Current account balance Percent change (Billions) |
-8.515 |
-16.697 |
12.769 |
5.631 |
-1.465 |
|
Current account balance Percent change (Units) |
-1.250 |
-2.426 |
1.579 |
0.667 |
-0.166 |
Estimates
Source: IMF Statistics - Poland
Luxemburg und das Land
Existing conventions and agreements
Non double taxation agreement
In order to promote international economic and financial relations in the interest of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Luxembourg government negotiates bilateral agreements for the avoidance of double taxation and prevent fiscal evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on fortune with third countries.
- Convention from 14.06.1995 (Memorial 1996, A No.24, p.883)
- Effective as of 01.01.1997 (Memorial 1996, A No.24, p.883)
- Amendment of the Convention from 07.06.2010 (Memorial 2013, A No.114 , p.1710)
- Effective as of 01.01.2014 (Memorial 2013, A No.114 , p.1710)
Air Services agreement
- Agreement from 29.09.1969 (Memorial 1971, A, p. 2170)
- Effective as of 20.12.1971 (Memorial 1972, A, p. 441)
Weitere Informationen
Foreign Trade
The Statec Foreign Trade statistics provide information on the trade of goods - by product and by country. This information is collected respectively through the INTRASTAT declaration and on the basis of customs documents.
You can see the statistics on the website of the Statec.
Contact points in Poland
Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in Poland
Ambassador with residence in Warsaw: Mr Paul SCHMIT
UI Sloneczna 15
PL-00-789 Warsaw
Poland
Tel.: (+48-22) 507 86 50
Fax: (+48-22) 507 86 61
E-Mail: varsovie.amb@mae.etat.lu
Website: varsovie.mae.lu
Honorary Consuls
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Provinces of Wielkopolskie and of Lubuskie:
Mr Pawel KURASZKIEWICZ
ul. Janusza Zeylanda 3/4
PL 60-808 Poznan
Poland
Tel.: (+48) 601 070 060
E-Mail: poznan@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Province of Pomorskie:
Mr Tomasz KOPOCZYNSKI
ul. ?l?ska 21
PL 81-319 Gdynia
Poland
Tel.: (+48) 602 253 663
E-Mail: sopot@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Province of Poméranie occidentale:
Mr Waldemar JUSZCZAK
Al. Niepodleg?o?ci 17
PL-70-412 Szczecin
Poland
Tel.: (+48) 91 81 21 434; (+48) 601 704 099
E-Mail: szczecin@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Province of Lower Silesian and Opole:
Mr Krysztof BRAMORSKI
ul. Rze?nicza 32-33, II p.
PL 50-130 Wroclaw
Poland
Tel.: (+48) 600 422 288
E-Mail: wroclaw@consul-hon.lu
Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg
Country risk as defined by Office du Ducroire for Poland
Ducroire is the only credit insurer covering open account deals in over 200 countries. A rating on a scale from 1 to 7 shows the intensity of the political risk. Category 1 comprises countries with the lowest political risk and category 7 countries with the highest. Macroeconomics experts also assess the repayment climate for all buyers in a country.
Link: Ducroire Office - Country Risk for Poland