UzbekistanChapitres
Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991 upon the dissolution of the USSR, the country has reduced its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in September 2016. The political transition to his successor, then-Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV was peaceful, but sidelined the constitutional process where the chairman of the Senate would have served as the acting president. MIRZIYOYEV, who won the presidential election in December 2016, has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic and judicial reforms.
Indicateurs clés
- Surface
- 447,400 km2
- Population
- 30,842,796 (July 2021 est.)
- Type de gouvernement
- presidential republic; highly authoritarian
- Langues
- Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
- PIB
- $57.707 billion (2020 est.)
- Taux de croissance
- 1.6% (2020 est.)
- HDI
- 55
- Capitale
- Tashkent
Indicateurs macroéconomiques
Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in which 51% of the population lives in urban settlements; the agriculture-rich Fergana Valley, in which Uzbekistan’s eastern borders are situated, has been counted among the most densely populated parts of Central Asia. Since its independence in September 1991, the government has largely maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production, prices, and access to foreign currency. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbek agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth-largest cotton exporter and seventh-largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments, and export of natural gas, gold, and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings.Recently, lower global commodity prices and economic slowdowns in neighboring Russia and China have hurt Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsened its foreign currency shortage. Aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government is taking incremental steps to reform the business sector and address impediments to foreign investment in the country. Since the death of first President Islam KARIMOV and election of President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, emphasis on such initiatives and government efforts to improve the private sector have increased. In the past, Uzbek authorities accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek laws and have frozen and seized their assets.As a part of its economic reform efforts, the Uzbek Government is looking to expand opportunities for small and medium enterprises and prioritizes increasing foreign direct investment. In September 2017, the government devalued the official currency rate by almost 50% and announced the loosening of currency restrictions to eliminate the currency black market, increase access to hard currency, and boost investment.
Source: The CIA World Factbook - Economic overview Uzbekistan
IMF Statistics:
| Subject descriptor | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gross domestic product, constant prices Percent change (Units) |
7.403 |
5.673 |
5.989 |
5.198 |
5.398 |
|
Gross domestic product, current prices Percent change (Billions) |
69.601 |
81.167 |
90.882 |
97.956 |
109.853 |
|
Gross domestic product per capita, current prices Percent change (Units) |
2,013.971 |
2,301.214 |
2,522.757 |
2,665.812 |
2,930.961 |
|
Inflation, average consumer prices Percent change (Units) |
10.849 |
11.447 |
9.951 |
11.579 |
9.691 |
|
Volume of imports of goods and services Percent change (Units) |
0.399 |
13.265 |
26.473 |
10.350 |
9.824 |
|
Volume of exports of goods and services Percent change (Units) |
-4.500 |
16.446 |
28.415 |
5.805 |
11.961 |
|
Unemployment rate Percent change (Units) |
9.625 |
8.851 |
8.351 |
7.851 |
7.351 |
|
Current account balance Percent change (Billions) |
-4.895 |
-0.619 |
-4.493 |
-4.825 |
-4.996 |
|
Current account balance Percent change (Units) |
-7.032 |
-0.762 |
-4.944 |
-4.925 |
-4.548 |
Estimates
Source: IMF Statistics - Uzbekistan
Le Luxembourg et le pays
Existing conventions and agreements
Non double taxation agreement
In order to promote international economic and financial relations in the interest of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Luxembourg government negotiates bilateral agreements for the avoidance of double taxation and prevent fiscal evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on fortune with third countries.
- Convention from 02.07.1997 (Memorial 2000, A, No.85, p.2013)
- Effective as of 01.01.2001 (Memorial 2000, A, No.85, p.2013)
Air Services agreement
None
Source: Administration des Contributions Directes
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Informations supplémentaires
Foreign Trade
The Statec Foreign Trade statistics provide information on the trade of goods - by product and by country. This information is collected respectively through the INTRASTAT declaration and on the basis of customs documents.
You can see the statistics on the website of the Statec.
Country risk as defined by Office du Ducroire for Uzbekistan
Ducroire is the only credit insurer covering open account deals in over 200 countries. A rating on a scale from 1 to 7 shows the intensity of the political risk. Category 1 comprises countries with the lowest political risk and category 7 countries with the highest. Macroeconomics experts also assess the repayment climate for all buyers in a country.
Link: Ducroire Office - Country Risk for Uzbekistan
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