NetherlandsChapitres
The Dutch economy swiftly returned to its pre-pandemic growth path, but rapidly rising inflation disrupted growth, magnifying existing challenges, such as the urgency of the transition to net zero, ageing-related fiscal pressures, and pervasive labour shortages. Significant investments in low-carbon infrastructure and technologies are needed to reduce fossil fuels dependence and exposure to global energy price fluctuations. Healthy public finances allowed for fiscal support to protect households and firms from surging energy prices, but population ageing will increase fiscal pressure going forward. Streamlining the tax system would enhance macro-financial stability and productivity by reducing distortions in investment and labour supply decisions. Lifting labour supply, in complement to raising productivity, would help to strengthen growth potential and enable the green and digital transitions. Removing tax disincentives on additional hours worked and streamlining income-dependent benefits while improving access to childcare would both increase labour input and reduce inequalities. Supporting re- and upskilling of the workforce, as well as narrowing regulatory gaps between regular and non-standard forms of employment further would alleviate shortages by facilitating transitions between occupations. Better integrating people with a migrant background and easing medium-skill labour migration in specific occupations could further boost labour supply.
Source: OECD
Vos conseillers auprès de la Chambre de Commerce
Regina Khvastunova
Contactez-nous: netherlands@cc.lu
Indicateurs clés
- Surface
- 41,543 km2
- Population
- 17.87 (2023)
- Type de gouvernement
- parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Langues
- Dutch (official)
- PIB
- $1.154 trillion (2023)
- Taux de croissance
- 0.1% (2023)
- HDI
- 8
- Capitale
- Amsterdam
Indicateurs macroéconomiques
According to the CPB, GDP growth is 1.5% in 2025, 0.1% lower than previously projected. The delay in the reduction of the financial burden leads to somewhat lower consumption. Housing investments are also somewhat lower in 2025 due to anticipation of the cut in transfer tax in 2026. These effects are made up for in subsequent years, with average GDP growth over the government term remaining unchanged.
Source: CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis
The Dutch labour market is among the top performers in the OECD – particularly when it comes to job quantity and job quality. Employment is high, unemployment low; workers, on average, earn high wages, and they face less labour market insecurity and experience less job strain than in most other OECD countries. Poverty among the working age population is comparatively low, but the employment gap for disadvantaged groups could be narrowed and the gender labour income gap is large (explained, to a large extent, by the high share of women in part-time employment).
Source: OECD
IMF Statistics:
| Subject descriptor | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gross domestic product, constant prices Percent change (Units) |
6.278 |
5.007 |
0.073 |
0.629 |
1.627 |
|
Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars (Billions) |
1,055.173 |
1,047.364 |
1,154.694 |
1,218.401 |
1,272.960 |
|
Gross domestic product per capita, current prices U.S. dollars (Units) |
60,380.434 |
59,540.881 |
64,829.341 |
67,984.285 |
70,605.529 |
|
Inflation, average consumer prices Percent change (Units) |
2.819 |
11.617 |
4.117 |
3.171 |
2.340 |
|
Volume of imports of goods and services Percent change (Units) |
6.676 |
4.354 |
-1.654 |
0.500 |
2.651 |
|
Volume of exports of goods and services Percent change (Units) |
6.957 |
4.415 |
-0.465 |
0.441 |
2.413 |
|
Unemployment rate Percent of total labor force (Units) |
4.226 |
3.537 |
3.553 |
3.900 |
4.200 |
|
Current account balance U.S. dollars (Billions) |
105.703 |
69.280 |
113.786 |
121.868 |
128.006 |
|
Current account balance Percent of GDP (Units) |
10.018 |
6.615 |
9.854 |
10.002 |
10.056 |
Estimates
Source: IMF Statistics - Netherlands
Le Luxembourg et le pays
Existing conventions and agreements
Non double taxation agreement
In order to promote international economic and financial relations in the interest of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Luxembourg government negotiates bilateral agreements for the avoidance of double taxation and prevent fiscal evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on fortune with third countries.
- Convention from 08.05.1968 (Memorial 1969, A No.24, p.754)
- Effective as of 01.01.1967 (Memorial 1969, A No.24, p.754)
- Amendment of the Convention from 16.10.1990 (Memorial 1992, A No.58, p.1901)
- Effective as of 01.01.1993 (Memorial 1992, A No.58, p.1901)
- 2nd Amendment of the Convention from 05.29.2009 (Memorial 2010, A No.51, p.830)
- Effective as of 01.01.2011 (Memorial 2010, A No.51, p.830)
Air Services agreement
- Exchange of Notes from 14.4. and 06.23.1948 (Memorial 1951, p. 1186)
- Effective as of 08.24.1951
Informations supplémentaires
Contact points in Netherlands
Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in Netherlands
Ambassador: Mr Mike HENTGES
Nassaulaan 8
NL-2514 JS The Hague
Netherlands
Tel.: (+31) 70 360 75 16
E-Mail: lahaye.amb@mae.etat.lu
Website: lahaye.mae.lu
Honorary Consuls
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Province of Limburg:
Mr Fernand JADOUL
Achter de Comedie 8
NL-6211 GZ Maastricht
Netherlands
Tel.: (+31) 043 3501490
E-Mail: maastricht@consul-hon.lu
Honorary Consul with jurisdiction over the Provinces of Utrecht, Gelderland, and Overijssel:
Mr Bernard WIENTJES
"Hoeve Bargsigt"
Hammerweg 44
NL- 7731 AK Ommen
Netherlands
Tel.: (+31) 653 14 74 74
E-Mail: bwientjes@icloud.com
Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg